Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)

Introduction

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a vital biomarker for assessing ovarian reserve and guiding fertility decisions. As a Nurse Practitioner with autonomous practice in Florida, I emphasize a functional, individualized approach to hormonal health and reproductive endocrinology. This article outlines the clinical importance of AMH, factors influencing its levels, and how it integrates into comprehensive care.

What is AMH?

AMH is a glycoprotein hormone produced by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. In women, it serves as a reliable indicator of the quantity of remaining follicles, often referred to as ovarian reserve. Unlike other reproductive hormones, AMH remains stable throughout the menstrual cycle, making it an ideal biomarker for evaluating fertility potential and menopause onset.

Age-Specific AMH Ranges

AMH naturally declines with age. Below are average lab reference ranges (ng/mL) by age group (Quest Diagnostics):

• 18–25 years: 1.02–14.63
  
• 26–30 years: 0.69–13.39
  
• 31–35 years: 0.36–10.07
  
• 36–40 years: 0.18–5.68
  
• 41–45 years: 0.01–2.99
  
• >45 years: Not established
  
  

Optimal functional range: 1.10–4.00 ng/mL

Interpretation should be individualized, accounting for menstrual regularity, symptom profile, and complementary biomarkers such as FSH and estradiol.

Clinical Implications of AMH Levels

Low AMH

Low AMH may signal:

• Infertility: Reflecting reduced ovarian reserve, commonly used in fertility assessments
  
• Perimenopause: AMH decline typically precedes other hormonal changes
  
• Poor IVF Response: Women with low AMH often produce fewer eggs in assisted reproductive technologies
  
  

High AMH

Elevated AMH is often associated with:

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Due to increased small follicle count
  
• Anovulation and irregular cycles
  
• Ovarian tumors: AMH may be secreted by certain ovarian neoplasms
  
• Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): In women receiving fertility medications
  
  

Factors and Medications That Influence AMH

Interfering Factors

• Age: Primary determinant of declining AMH
  
• Obesity: May reduce or alter AMH signaling
  
• Hormonal contraceptives: May temporarily suppress AMH
  
• Chemotherapy: Gonadotoxic effects may cause a permanent AMH drop
  
  

Medication Associations

• Decreased AMH: Hormonal contraceptives, chemotherapy
  
• Increased AMH: Fertility-stimulating agents (e.g., FSH analogs), rarely ovarian tumors
  
  

AMH and Functional Medicine

In functional medicine, AMH is more than a fertility metric—it reflects:

• Ovarian health and aging
  
• Response to detoxification and inflammation
  
• Endocrine disruption from environmental or lifestyle exposures
  
  

Integrative strategies such as:

• Cycle tracking, nutrient repletion, adaptogens, and targeted hormone modulation
  
• Dietary protocols to balance insulin and androgens in PCOS
  
• Supplemental therapies to enhance folliculogenesis in low-AMH patients
  
  

These interventions support hormone balance and reproductive longevity.

Conclusion

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a cornerstone in modern reproductive diagnostics. Whether evaluating ovarian reserve, guiding fertility treatment, or identifying endocrine dysfunctions like PCOS, AMH offers a stable, informative marker. As part of a whole-person approach, AMH results must be interpreted alongside a patient’s complete hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory profile.

In conclusion, a comprehensive evaluation by a functional medicine Nurse Practitioner in Florida facilitates identification of cellular-level and molecular imbalances underlying clinical presentations. By integrating evidence-based allopathic therapies with sports injury management—which shares overlapping hormonal and inflammatory considerations—this approach supports resilience, hormonal optimization, and whole-system recovery.

Call (904) 799‑2531 or schedule online to explore a personalized approach to hormonal health and fertility.

Further Reading

1. AMH and Ovarian Reserve – PubMed
   
2. AMH in PCOS: Diagnostic Value and Mechanisms – PubMed
   
3. Clinical Use of AMH in Reproductive Endocrinology – PubMed