Eosinophils - Absolute

Introduction

As a Florida-based functional medicine nurse practitioner, I often guide female patients through interpreting their lab tests. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a straightforward yet powerful measure of systemic inflammation. Let’s explore how ESR works, its reference values, clinical applications, and variables that can skew results.

What Is the ESR Test?

The ESR quantifies how far red blood cells settle in a vertical tube over one hour. Inflammatory proteins—like fibrinogen and globulins—encourage red blood cells to clump (rouleaux formation), causing them to sink faster. Conversely, higher Albumin levels repel cells, slowing sedimentation.

Reference Ranges for Women

Using the Westergren method, female ESR values are interpreted as:

• Standard Range: 0–20 mm/hr
  
• Optimal Range: 0–10 mm/hr
  
  

Elevations above 20 mm/hr signal the need for further assessment of inflammatory or tissue-damaging processes.

Clinical Implications

Elevated ESR

A high ESR indicates active inflammation or tissue injury and may be seen in:

• Inflammation: Autoimmune conditions like lupus and gout
  
• Gout: Acute flares raise ESR significantly
  
• Cardiovascular Function: Myocardial infarction triggers an inflammatory response reflected by ESR
  
• Malignancy: Multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and metastatic cancers often present with marked ESR elevations
  
  

Decreased ESR

Rarely, a low ESR may occur with:

• High Albumin: Dehydration or hyperalbuminemia slows sedimentation
  
• Polycythemia: Elevated red blood cell mass reduces the rate
  
  

Factors That Influence ESR

Several variables can interfere with ESR accuracy:

• Anemia: Low hematocrit exaggerates ESR
  
• Sample Handling: Delayed testing (>4 hours) alters results
  
• Metabolic Status: Poor Blood Sugar Regulation and lipid imbalances can impact sedimentation
  
• Age and Hormones: Women may experience mild fluctuations during menstruation and pregnancy
  
  

Medication Effects on ESR

• Lower ESR: Corticosteroids and high-dose aspirin reduce inflammatory proteins
  
• Raise ESR: Heparin and oral contraceptives can elevate acute phase reactants
  
  

Correlated Tests

To complement ESR, consider:

• C-Reactive Protein: A rapid, sensitive inflammation marker
  
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Provides red and white cell indices
  
• Alk Phos: Assesses bone and liver involvement
  
• Protein – Total: Evaluates overall protein levels
  
  

Conclusion

Integrating ESR into female patient evaluations—under the guidance of a functional medicine nurse practitioner—enhances detection of inflammatory conditions and guides personalized care. Combining ESR insights with targeted nutrition, lifestyle modification, and root‐cause therapies promotes lasting wellness. Explore our Regenerative Medicine service to further support your health journey.

Further Reading

1. Brigden ML. “The erythrocyte sedimentation rate: still a useful test?” J Clin Pathol. 1998;51(2):65–68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9678398/
   
2. Babic N, et al. “ESR and CRP: How Best to Use Them in Clinical Practice.” Postgrad Med J. 2005;81(953):467–470. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16150990/
3. Saadeh C, et al. “Comparison of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate by the Westergren and Wintrobe methods.” Am J Med. 1998;104(3):203–208.
   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9524241/